<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE article  PUBLIC '-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN'  'http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd'><article><articleinfo><title>PDB/DepRelTypes</title><revhistory><revision><revnumber>30</revnumber><date>2020-07-30 13:40:26</date><authorinitials>MaciejOgrodniczuk</authorinitials><revremark>Revert to revision 28.</revremark></revision><revision><revnumber>29</revnumber><date>2020-07-30 13:39:33</date><authorinitials>MaciejOgrodniczuk</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>28</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 17:04:48</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>27</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 17:00:06</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>26</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:59:03</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>25</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:55:25</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>24</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:54:48</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>23</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:42:07</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>22</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:41:44</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>21</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:21:59</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>20</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:11:26</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>19</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:07:23</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>18</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 16:04:18</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>17</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:53:13</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>16</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:48:35</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>15</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:41:11</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>14</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:39:00</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>13</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:37:35</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>12</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:34:57</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>11</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:28:46</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>10</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:26:29</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>9</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:10:27</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>8</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 15:02:28</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>7</revnumber><date>2020-07-02 14:56:37</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>6</revnumber><date>2017-06-12 20:34:53</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>5</revnumber><date>2017-06-12 20:28:40</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>4</revnumber><date>2017-05-25 16:13:12</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>3</revnumber><date>2017-05-25 16:10:54</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>2</revnumber><date>2017-05-25 16:10:35</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision><revision><revnumber>1</revnumber><date>2017-05-25 14:15:21</date><authorinitials>AlinaWroblewska</authorinitials></revision></revhistory></articleinfo><section><title>Polish Dependency Relation Types</title><section><title>Complements</title><section><title>comp</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>verb complement realised as a prepositional or an adverbial phrase, or a clause </para></listitem><listitem><para>or dependent of prepositions, numerals, some nouns, or some adverbials </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Czekam na Antka.&quot;: Czekam →<subscript>comp</subscript> na →<subscript>comp</subscript> Antka </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>comp_ag</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>agentive complement in passive </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as przez-PP </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Zamek jest nawiedzany przez duchy.&quot;: nawiedzany →<subscript>comp_ag</subscript> przez →<subscript>comp</subscript> duchy </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>comp_fin</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>clausal complement </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as a finite clause (declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory) with an internal subject </para></listitem><listitem><para>governed by  a subordinating conjunction or the sentence predicate </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Zaśpiewał, ponieważ go poproszono.&quot;: Zaśpiewał →<subscript>adjunct</subscript> ponieważ →<subscript>comp_fin</subscript> poproszono </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>comp_inf</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>infinitival complement </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as a non-finite clause, </para></listitem><listitem><para>governed by a subordinating conjunction, a verb, an adjective or a noun </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Chciał wygrać.&quot;: Chciał →<subscript>comp_inf</subscript> wygrać </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>obj</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>direct object </para></listitem><listitem><para>governed by a verb, </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as a noun phrase or a clause </para></listitem><listitem><para>it is always expressed by the subject in passive constructions. </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Powiedział, że wyjeżdża.&quot;: Powiedział →<subscript>obj</subscript> że →<subscript>comp_fin</subscript> wyjeżdża </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>obj_th</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>thematically restricted object </para></listitem><listitem><para>governed by a verb </para></listitem><listitem><para>fulfilled by a noun phrase </para></listitem><listitem><para>it cannot be promoted to the subject during passivisation or change its status to the object. </para></listitem></itemizedlist><remark><itemizedlist><listitem><para>Attribute (obj_attrib) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Experiencer (obj_exper) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Factor (obj_factor) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Instrument (obj_instr) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Manner (obj_manner) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Measure (obj_measure) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Recipient (obj_recip) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Result (obj_result) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Stumulus (obj_stimul) </para></listitem><listitem><para>Theme (obj_theme) </para></listitem></itemizedlist></remark><itemizedlist><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Pies merda ogonem.&quot; with merda →<subscript>obj_th</subscript> ogonem </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>pd</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>predicative complement </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised by any element in the predicative position in a sentence </para></listitem><listitem><para>governed by copula or copula-like verbs </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Bycie nauczycielem nie jest proste.&quot;: jest →<subscript>subj</subscript> bycie →<subscript>pd</subscript> nauczycielem; jest →<subscript>pd</subscript> proste </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>root</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>sentence predicate (or a main element of a non-sentential clause) </para></listitem><listitem><para>dependent of ROOT </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Jan fałszuje.&quot;: ROOT →<subscript>root</subscript> fałszuje </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>subj</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>subcategorised by the sentence predicate </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as a noun phrase, a clause, an adjective phrase, a numeral phrase or a pro-drop pronoun (<emphasis>pro</emphasis> is not encoded in a dependency structure) </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Kot śpi.&quot;: śpi →<subscript>subj</subscript> kot </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section></section><section><title>Syntactically motivated dependents</title><section><title>abbrev_punct</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>abbreviation marker, i.e. a full stop </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on the preceding abbreviation </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;30 tys.&quot;: tys →<subscript>abbrev_punct</subscript> . </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>adjunct</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>a dependent modifying a noun or a numeral </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as an adjective, a noun, a prepositional phrase, a relative clause, etc. </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Kupiła czerwoną sukienkę.&quot;: sukienkę →<subscript>adjunct</subscript> czerwoną </para></listitem></itemizedlist><remark/></section><section><title>adjunct_sem</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>an adverbial modifying a verb </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as an adverb, a noun, a prepositional phrase, a clause, etc. </para></listitem><listitem><para>adverbial types: </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>position, direction, route: adjunct_abl (ablative), adjunct_adl (allative), adjunct_locat (locative), adjunct_perl (perlative) </para></listitem><listitem><para>time, period of time: adjunct_temp (temporal), adjunct_dur (duration), adjunct_init (initiate), adjunct_finit (finish) </para></listitem><listitem><para>manner, instrument, attitude: adjunct_mod (mode), adjunct_instr (instrument), adjunct_attit (attitude) </para></listitem><listitem><para>cause, goal, condition: adjunct_caus (cause), adjunct_cond (conditional), adjunct_purp (purpose), adjunct_concess (concession), adjunct_substit (substitution), adjunct_measure </para></listitem><listitem><para>structural and other: adjunct_elect (elective), adjunct_title, adjunct_other </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Szkoli psa na potencjalnego zabójcę.&quot;: szkoli →<subscript>adjunct_concess</subscript> na →<subscript>comp</subscript> zabójcę </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>adjunct_compar</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>comparative </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Uczeń mądrzejszy od nauczyciela&quot;: mądrzejszy →<subscript>adjunct_compar</subscript> od →<subscript>comp</subscript> nauczyciela </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Wyciągnęli się, jak struny&quot;: Wyciągnęli →<subscript>adjunct_compar</subscript> jak →<subscript>comp</subscript> struny </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Mówi się coś innego niż chciało się powiedzieć&quot;: innego →<subscript>adjunct_compar</subscript> niż  →<subscript>comp_fin</subscript> chciało </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>adjunct_poss</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>possessives </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as a noun phrase, a pronoun </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on a noun </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;zdaniem wielu specjalistów&quot;: zdaniem →<subscript>adjunct_poss</subscript> wielu →<subscript>comp</subscript> specjalistów </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;postulaty protestujących&quot;: postulaty →<subscript>adjunct_poss</subscript> protestujących </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>adjunct_qt</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>quotation adjunct </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;– Nie siedź do późna – rzekł.&quot; rzekł →<subscript>adjunct_qt</subscript> siedź </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>adjunct_rc</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>relative clause </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;z wyjątkiem momentu, kiedy zostali zjedzeni przez ogry&quot;: momentu →<subscript>adjunct_rc</subscript> zjedzeni →<subscript>adjunct</subscript> kiedy </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>app</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>apposition </para></listitem><listitem><para>realised as a noun phrase depending on an immediately preceding and morphologically agreeing noun with the same meaning </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Proszę o zabranie głosu posła Nowaka.&quot;: proszę →<subscript>obj</subscript> posła →<subscript>app</subscript> Nowaka </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>dep</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>default dependency type </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;lepiej stosować trwałe linki, które w powinny mieć parametr oldid&quot;: powinny →<subscript>dep</subscript> w </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>item</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>number of an item on a list </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;– styczeń&quot;: styczeń →<subscript>item</subscript> – </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>orphan</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>head ellipsis </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;nie wie pani, kiedy można błaznować, a kiedy nie&quot;: a →<subscript>conjunct</subscript> nie →<subscript>orphan</subscript> kiedy </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;najbardziej zaawansowanym krajem pod względem świadczenia usług online jest Szwecja, a zaraz po niej Austria&quot;: a →<subscript>conjunct</subscript> Austria →<subscript>orphan</subscript> po →<subscript>comp</subscript> niej </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>punct</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>punctuation marker, e.g. .,:;?!()”-, </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on the element which it delimits </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Czytając książkę, płakał.&quot;: płakał →<subscript>adjunct_cause</subscript> Czytając →<subscript>punct</subscript> , </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>refl</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>reflexive marker, i.e. particles 'się', 'siebie' </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on a verb with reflexive meaning or another verb </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Ania i Tomek całują się.&quot;: całują →<subscript>refl</subscript> się </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Nie radził sobie w życiu.&quot;: radził →<subscript>refl</subscript> sobie </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>vocative</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>a noun phrase marked for vocative or a noun phrase marked for nominative in the vocative function </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Młody człowieku, za to, co się stało tej nocy, zapłacisz własną krwią&quot;: zapłacisz →<subscript>vocative</subscript> człowieku →<subscript>adjunct</subscript> młody </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Wtem usłyszał znajomy głos: – Serwus, Romek&quot;: Serwus →<subscript>vocative</subscript> Romek </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section></section><section><title>Morphologically motivated dependents</title><section><title>aux</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>auxiliary verb, i.e. 'być' or 'zostać' </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on the main verb (participle, infinitive) in analytical future tense constructions, analytical past conditional constructions or passive constructions </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Będzie trzeba wzmocnić pozycję ekonomiczną.&quot;: trzeba →<subscript>aux</subscript> będzie </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>aglt</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>mobile inflection, i.e. &quot;mobile&quot; affix (verbal enclitic) marked for number, person and gender </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on a verb or a conditional clitic by appended to a verb </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Wygraliśmy!&quot;: Wygrali →<subscript>aglt</subscript> śmy </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>cond</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>conditional clitic, i.e. the clitic particle 'by', which is appended to the verb or appears anywhere in a sentence, </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on the verbal head regardless of its location </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Można by śpiewać.&quot;: Można →<subscript>cond</subscript> by </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>imp</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>imperative marker, i.e. the particle 'niech' </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on the main verb in analytical imperative constructions. </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Niech moc będzie z Tobą!&quot;: będzie →<subscript>imp</subscript> Niech </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>neg</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>negation marker, i.e. the negation particle 'nie' </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends mostly on a verbal head immediately following it </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Nie wiem, ale to nie Ola wygrała.&quot;: wiem →<subscript>neg</subscript> Nie, Ola →<subscript>neg</subscript> nie </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section></section><section><title>Lexically motivated dependents</title><section><title>mwe</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>multiword expression </para></listitem><listitem><para>Successive tokens of a multiword expression are annotated according to their linear order. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Polish multiword expressions: </para><itemizedlist><listitem><para>preposition-adjectival phrases, e.g. po prostu<subscript>ADJ</subscript> (Eng. ‘simply’), co gorsza<subscript>ADJ</subscript> (Eng. ‘what is worse’), </para></listitem><listitem><para>preposition-adverbial phrases, e.g. na pewno<subscript>ADV</subscript> (Eng. ‘for sure’), na zewnątrz<subscript>ADV</subscript> (Eng. ‘outside’), </para></listitem><listitem><para>adverb-prepositional phrases, e.g. wraz z (Eng. ‘along with’), zgodnie z (Eng. ‘in accordance with’),  </para></listitem><listitem><para>complex conjunctions, e.g. nie tylko (Eng. ‘not only’), ale także (Eng. ‘but also’), mimo że (Eng. ‘although’), </para></listitem><listitem><para>adjective compounds, e.g. biało-czerwona (Eng. ‘white-red’). </para></listitem></itemizedlist></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>ne</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>named entity </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Chińska Republika Ludowa&quot;: Republika →<subscript>ne</subscript> Chińska, Republika →<subscript>ne</subscript> Ludowa </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>ne_foreign</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>foreign clauses (e.g. titles) </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Radio gra 'Close your eyes'.&quot;: gra →<subscript>obj</subscript> Close →<subscript>ne_foreign</subscript> your →<subscript>ne_foreign</subscript> eyes  </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section></section><section><title>Coordination</title><section><title>conjunct</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>coordinated conjunct </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on a coordinating conjunction </para></listitem></itemizedlist></section><section><title>pre_coord</title><itemizedlist><listitem><para>pre-conjunction </para></listitem><listitem><para>the first part of a two-part correlative conjunction, e.g. albo...albo... (Eng. ‘either... or...’), </para></listitem><listitem><para>depends on the second part of the conjunction. </para></listitem><listitem><para>e.g. &quot;Koncerny liczą nie tyle na zysk, ile na prestiż.&quot;: liczą →<subscript>comp</subscript> ile →<subscript>conjunct</subscript> na →<subscript>comp</subscript> zysk, ile →<subscript>conjunct</subscript> na →<subscript>comp</subscript> prestiż; ile →<subscript>pre_coord</subscript> nie →<subscript>mwe</subscript> tyle </para></listitem></itemizedlist><para>Any questions, comments? Please send them to <code>&lt;alina AT SPAMFREE ipipan DOT waw DOT pl&gt;</code>. </para></section></section></section></article>