#format wiki #language en #acl AlinaWroblewska:read,write,revert All:read = Polish Dependency Relation Types = <> == Complements == === comp === * verb complement realised as a prepositional or an adverbial phrase, or a clause * or dependent of prepositions, numerals, some nouns, or some adverbials * e.g. "Czekam na Antka.": Czekam →,,comp,, na →,,comp,, Antka === comp_ag === * agentive complement in passive * realised as przez-PP * e.g. "Zamek jest nawiedzany przez duchy.": nawiedzany →,,comp_ag,, przez →,,comp,, duchy === comp_fin === * clausal complement * realised as a finite clause (declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory) with an internal subject * governed by a subordinating conjunction or the sentence predicate * e.g. "Zaśpiewał, ponieważ go poproszono.": Zaśpiewał →,,adjunct,, ponieważ →,,comp_fin,, poproszono === comp_inf === * infinitival complement * realised as a non-finite clause, * governed by a subordinating conjunction, a verb, an adjective or a noun * e.g. "Chciał wygrać.": Chciał →,,comp_inf,, wygrać === obj === * direct object * governed by a verb, * realised as a noun phrase or a clause * it is always expressed by the subject in passive constructions. * e.g. "Powiedział, że wyjeżdża.": Powiedział →,,obj,, że →,,comp_fin,, wyjeżdża === obj_th === * thematically restricted object * governed by a verb * fulfilled by a noun phrase * it cannot be promoted to the subject during passivisation or change its status to the object. {{{#!wiki comment/dotted * fulfils the semantic role of: * Attribute (obj_attrib) * Experiencer (obj_exper) * Factor (obj_factor) * Instrument (obj_instr) * Manner (obj_manner) * Measure (obj_measure) * Recipient (obj_recip) * Result (obj_result) * Stumulus (obj_stimul) * Theme (obj_theme)}}} * e.g. "Pies merda ogonem." with merda →,,obj_th,, ogonem === pd === * predicative complement * realised by any element in the predicative position in a sentence * governed by copula or copula-like verbs * e.g. "Bycie nauczycielem nie jest proste.": jest →,,subj,, bycie →,,pd,, nauczycielem; jest →,,pd,, proste === root === * sentence predicate (or a main element of a non-sentential clause) * dependent of ROOT * e.g. "Jan fałszuje.": ROOT →,,root,, fałszuje === subj === * subcategorised by the sentence predicate * realised as a noun phrase, a clause, an adjective phrase, a numeral phrase or a pro-drop pronoun (''pro'' is not encoded in a dependency structure) * e.g. "Kot śpi.": śpi →,,subj,, kot == Syntactically motivated dependents == === abbrev_punct === * abbreviation marker, i.e. a full stop * depends on the preceding abbreviation * e.g. "30 tys.": tys →,,abbrev_punct,, . === adjunct === * a dependent modifying a noun or a numeral * realised as an adjective, a noun, a prepositional phrase, a relative clause, etc. * e.g. "Kupiła czerwoną sukienkę.": sukienkę →,,adjunct,, czerwoną {{{#!wiki comment/dotted === adjunct_sem === * an adverbial modifying a verb * realised as an adverb, a noun, a prepositional phrase, a clause, etc. * adverbial types: * position, direction, route: adjunct_abl (ablative), adjunct_adl (allative), adjunct_locat (locative), adjunct_perl (perlative) * time, period of time: adjunct_temp (temporal), adjunct_dur (duration), adjunct_init (initiate), adjunct_finit (finish) * manner, instrument, attitude: adjunct_mod (mode), adjunct_instr (instrument), adjunct_attit (attitude) * cause, goal, condition: adjunct_caus (cause), adjunct_cond (conditional), adjunct_purp (purpose), adjunct_concess (concession), adjunct_substit (substitution), adjunct_measure * structural and other: adjunct_elect (elective), adjunct_title, adjunct_other * e.g. "Szkoli psa na potencjalnego zabójcę.": szkoli →,,adjunct_concess,, na →,,comp,, zabójcę}}} === adjunct_compar === * comparative * e.g. "Uczeń mądrzejszy od nauczyciela": mądrzejszy →,,adjunct_compar,, od →,,comp,, nauczyciela * e.g. "Wyciągnęli się, jak struny": Wyciągnęli →,,adjunct_compar,, jak →,,comp,, struny * e.g. "Mówi się coś innego niż chciało się powiedzieć": innego →,,adjunct_compar,, niż →,,comp_fin,, chciało === adjunct_poss === * possessives * realised as a noun phrase, a pronoun * depends on a noun * e.g. "zdaniem wielu specjalistów": zdaniem →,,adjunct_poss,, wielu →,,comp,, specjalistów * e.g. "postulaty protestujących": postulaty →,,adjunct_poss,, protestujących === adjunct_qt === * quotation adjunct * e.g. "– Nie siedź do późna – rzekł." rzekł →,,adjunct_qt,, siedź === adjunct_rc === * relative clause * e.g. "z wyjątkiem momentu, kiedy zostali zjedzeni przez ogry": momentu →,,adjunct_rc,, zjedzeni →,,adjunct,, kiedy === app === * apposition * realised as a noun phrase depending on an immediately preceding and morphologically agreeing noun with the same meaning * e.g. "Proszę o zabranie głosu posła Nowaka.": proszę →,,obj,, posła →,,app,, Nowaka === dep === * default dependency type * e.g. "lepiej stosować trwałe linki, które w powinny mieć parametr oldid": powinny →,,dep,, w === item === * number of an item on a list * e.g. "– styczeń": styczeń →,,item,, – === orphan === * head ellipsis * e.g. "nie wie pani, kiedy można błaznować, a kiedy nie": a →,,conjunct,, nie →,,orphan,, kiedy * e.g. "najbardziej zaawansowanym krajem pod względem świadczenia usług online jest Szwecja, a zaraz po niej Austria": a →,,conjunct,, Austria →,,orphan,, po →,,comp,, niej === punct === * punctuation marker, e.g. .,:;?!()”-, * depends on the element which it delimits * e.g. "Czytając książkę, płakał.": płakał →,,adjunct_cause,, Czytając →,,punct,, , === refl === * reflexive marker, i.e. particles 'się', 'siebie' * depends on a verb with reflexive meaning or another verb * e.g. "Ania i Tomek całują się.": całują →,,refl,, się * e.g. "Nie radził sobie w życiu.": radził →,,refl,, sobie === vocative === * a noun phrase marked for vocative or a noun phrase marked for nominative in the vocative function * e.g. "Młody człowieku, za to, co się stało tej nocy, zapłacisz własną krwią": zapłacisz →,,vocative,, człowieku →,,adjunct,, młody * e.g. "Wtem usłyszał znajomy głos: – Serwus, Romek": Serwus →,,vocative,, Romek == Morphologically motivated dependents == === aux === * auxiliary verb, i.e. 'być' or 'zostać' * depends on the main verb (participle, infinitive) in analytical future tense constructions, analytical past conditional constructions or passive constructions * e.g. "Będzie trzeba wzmocnić pozycję ekonomiczną.": trzeba →,,aux,, będzie === aglt === * mobile inflection, i.e. "mobile" affix (verbal enclitic) marked for number, person and gender * depends on a verb or a conditional clitic by appended to a verb * e.g. "Wygraliśmy!": Wygrali →,,aglt,, śmy === cond === * conditional clitic, i.e. the clitic particle 'by', which is appended to the verb or appears anywhere in a sentence, * depends on the verbal head regardless of its location * e.g. "Można by śpiewać.": Można →,,cond,, by === imp === * imperative marker, i.e. the particle 'niech' * depends on the main verb in analytical imperative constructions. * e.g. "Niech moc będzie z Tobą!": będzie →,,imp,, Niech === neg === * negation marker, i.e. the negation particle 'nie' * depends mostly on a verbal head immediately following it * e.g. "Nie wiem, ale to nie Ola wygrała.": wiem →,,neg,, Nie, Ola →,,neg,, nie == Lexically motivated dependents == === mwe === * multiword expression * Successive tokens of a multiword expression are annotated according to their linear order. * Polish multiword expressions: * preposition-adjectival phrases, e.g. po prostu,,ADJ,, (Eng. ‘simply’), co gorsza,,ADJ,, (Eng. ‘what is worse’), * preposition-adverbial phrases, e.g. na pewno,,ADV,, (Eng. ‘for sure’), na zewnątrz,,ADV,, (Eng. ‘outside’), * adverb-prepositional phrases, e.g. wraz z (Eng. ‘along with’), zgodnie z (Eng. ‘in accordance with’), * complex conjunctions, e.g. nie tylko (Eng. ‘not only’), ale także (Eng. ‘but also’), mimo że (Eng. ‘although’), * adjective compounds, e.g. biało-czerwona (Eng. ‘white-red’). === ne === * named entity * e.g. "Chińska Republika Ludowa": Republika →,,ne,, Chińska, Republika →,,ne,, Ludowa === ne_foreign === * foreign clauses (e.g. titles) * e.g. "Radio gra 'Close your eyes'.": gra →,,obj,, Close →,,ne_foreign,, your →,,ne_foreign,, eyes == Coordination == === conjunct === * coordinated conjunct * depends on a coordinating conjunction === pre_coord === * pre-conjunction * the first part of a two-part correlative conjunction, e.g. albo...albo... (Eng. ‘either... or...’), * depends on the second part of the conjunction. * e.g. "Koncerny liczą nie tyle na zysk, ile na prestiż.": liczą →,,comp,, ile →,,conjunct,, na →,,comp,, zysk, ile →,,conjunct,, na →,,comp,, prestiż; ile →,,pre_coord,, nie →,,mwe,, tyle Any questions, comments? Please send them to <>.