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| #format wiki #language en #acl AlinaWroblewska:read,write,revert All:read |
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| === root === * sentence predicate (or a main element of a non-sentential clause) * dependent of ROOT * e.g. "Jan fałszuje." with a dependency relation ROOT →,,root,, fałszuje === subj === * subject * subcategorised by the sentence predicate * realised as a noun phrase, a clause, an adjective phrase, a numeral phrase or a pro-drop pronoun (''pro'' is not encoded in a dependency structure) * e.g. "Kot śpi." with śpi →,,subj,, kot === obj === |
=== comp === * verb complement realised as a prepositional or an adverbial phrase, or a clause * or dependent of prepositions, numerals, some nouns, or some adverbials * e.g. "Czekam na Antka.": Czekam →,,comp,, na →,,comp,, Antka === comp_ag === * agentive complement in passive * realised as przez-PP * e.g. "Zamek jest nawiedzany przez duchy.": nawiedzany →,,comp_ag,, przez →,,comp,, duchy === comp_fin === * clausal complement * realised as a finite clause (declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory) with an internal subject * governed by a subordinating conjunction or the sentence predicate * e.g. "Zaśpiewał, ponieważ go poproszono.": Zaśpiewał →,,adjunct,, ponieważ →,,comp_fin,, poproszono === comp_inf === * infinitival complement * realised as a non-finite clause, * governed by a subordinating conjunction, a verb, an adjective or a noun * e.g. "Chciał wygrać.": Chciał →,,comp_inf,, wygrać === obj === |
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| * governed by a verb form, | * governed by a verb, |
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| * transformed into the subject in passive constructions. * e.g. "Powiedział, że wyjeżdża." with relations Powiedział →,,obj,, że →,,comp_fin,, wyjeżdża |
* it is always expressed by the subject in passive constructions. * e.g. "Powiedział, że wyjeżdża.": Powiedział →,,obj,, że →,,comp_fin,, wyjeżdża |
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| * governed by a verb | |
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| * governed by a verb form * cannot be promoted to the subject during passivisation or change its status to the object. |
* it cannot be promoted to the subject during passivisation or change its status to the object. {{{#!wiki comment/dotted |
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| * Theme (obj_theme) * e.g. "Pies merda ogonem." with merda →,,obj_instr,, ogonem === comp === * verb complement realised as a prepositional or an adverbial phrase, or a clause * or dependent of prepositions, numerals, some nouns, or some adverbials * e.g. "Czekam na Antka.": Czekam →,,comp,, na →,,comp,, Antka === comp_ag === * agentive complement in passive * realised as przez-PP * "Zamek jest nawiedzany przez duchy.": nawiedzany →,,comp_ag,, przez →,,comp,, duchy === comp_fin === * clausal complement * realised as a finite clause (declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory) with an internal subject * governed by a subordinating conjunction or the sentence predicate * e.g. "Zaśpiewał, ponieważ go poproszono.": Zaśpiewał →,,adjunct_cause,, ponieważ →,,comp_fin,, poproszono === comp_inf === * infinitival complement * realised as a non-finite clause, * governed by a subordinating conjunction, a verb form, an adjective or a noun phase * e.g. "Chciał wygrać.": Chciał →,,comp_inf,, wygrać |
* Theme (obj_theme)}}} * e.g. "Pies merda ogonem." with merda →,,obj_th,, ogonem |
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| === root === * sentence predicate (or a main element of a non-sentential clause) * dependent of ROOT * e.g. "Jan fałszuje.": ROOT →,,root,, fałszuje === subj === * subcategorised by the sentence predicate * realised as a noun phrase, a clause, an adjective phrase, a numeral phrase or a pro-drop pronoun (''pro'' is not encoded in a dependency structure) * e.g. "Kot śpi.": śpi →,,subj,, kot |
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| === abbrev_punct === * abbreviation marker, i.e. a full stop * depends on the preceding abbreviation * e.g. "30 tys.": tys →,,abbrev_punct,, . |
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| {{{#!wiki comment/dotted | |
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| * an adverbial modifying a verb form | * an adverbial modifying a verb |
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| * e.g. "Szkoli psa na potencjalnego zabójcę.": szkoli →,,adjunct_concess,, na →,,comp,, zabójcę | * e.g. "Szkoli psa na potencjalnego zabójcę.": szkoli →,,adjunct_concess,, na →,,comp,, zabójcę}}} |
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| * e.g. "Wyciągnęli się, jak struny": Wyciągnęli →,,adjunct_compar,, jak →,,comp,, struny * e.g. "Mówi się coś innego niż chciało się powiedzieć": innego →,,adjunct_compar,, niż →,,comp_fin,, chciało ===adjunct_poss=== * possessives * realised as a noun phrase, a pronoun * depends on a noun * e.g. "zdaniem wielu specjalistów": zdaniem →,,adjunct_poss,, wielu →,,comp,, specjalistów * e.g. "postulaty protestujących": postulaty →,,adjunct_poss,, protestujących === adjunct_qt === * quotation adjunct * e.g. "- Nie siedź do późna - rzekł." rzekł →,,adjunct_qt,, siedź |
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| === adjunct_qt === * quotation adjunct * e.g. "Nie cierpię kelnerów, którzy pytają: 'Jaki befsztyk? Krwisty?': pytają →,,adjunct_qt,, befsztyk →,,adjunct,, Jaki; befsztyk →,,adjunct,, krwisty |
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| === dep === |
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| === orphan === === poss === |
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| === abbrev_punct === * abbreviation marker, i.e. a full stop * depends on the preceding abbreviation * e.g. "30 tys.": tys →,,abbrev_punct,, . |
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| ===vocative=== | |
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| * depends on the main verb form (participle, infinitive) in analytical future tense constructions, analytical past conditional constructions or passive constructions | * depends on the main verb (participle, infinitive) in analytical future tense constructions, analytical past conditional constructions or passive constructions |
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| * depends on a verb form or a conditional clitic by appended to a verb form | * depends on a verb or a conditional clitic by appended to a verb |
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| * conditional clitic, i.e. the clitic particle 'by', which is appended to the verb form or appears anywhere in a sentence, | * conditional clitic, i.e. the clitic particle 'by', which is appended to the verb or appears anywhere in a sentence, |
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| * depends on the main verb form in analytical imperative constructions. | * depends on the main verb in analytical imperative constructions. |
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| == lexically motivated dependents == | == Lexically motivated dependents == |
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| ===ne_foreign=== |
Polish Dependency Relation Types
Contents
Complements
comp
- verb complement realised as a prepositional or an adverbial phrase, or a clause
- or dependent of prepositions, numerals, some nouns, or some adverbials
e.g. "Czekam na Antka.": Czekam →comp na →comp Antka
comp_ag
- agentive complement in passive
- realised as przez-PP
e.g. "Zamek jest nawiedzany przez duchy.": nawiedzany →comp_ag przez →comp duchy
comp_fin
- clausal complement
- realised as a finite clause (declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory) with an internal subject
- governed by a subordinating conjunction or the sentence predicate
e.g. "Zaśpiewał, ponieważ go poproszono.": Zaśpiewał →adjunct ponieważ →comp_fin poproszono
comp_inf
- infinitival complement
- realised as a non-finite clause,
- governed by a subordinating conjunction, a verb, an adjective or a noun
e.g. "Chciał wygrać.": Chciał →comp_inf wygrać
obj
- direct object
- governed by a verb,
- realised as a noun phrase or a clause
- it is always expressed by the subject in passive constructions.
e.g. "Powiedział, że wyjeżdża.": Powiedział →obj że →comp_fin wyjeżdża
obj_th
- thematically restricted object
- governed by a verb
- fulfilled by a noun phrase
- it cannot be promoted to the subject during passivisation or change its status to the object.
e.g. "Pies merda ogonem." with merda →obj_th ogonem
pd
- predicative complement
- realised by any element in the predicative position in a sentence
- governed by copula or copula-like verbs
e.g. "Bycie nauczycielem nie jest proste.": jest →subj bycie →pd nauczycielem; jest →pd proste
root
- sentence predicate (or a main element of a non-sentential clause)
- dependent of ROOT
e.g. "Jan fałszuje.": ROOT →root fałszuje
subj
- subcategorised by the sentence predicate
realised as a noun phrase, a clause, an adjective phrase, a numeral phrase or a pro-drop pronoun (pro is not encoded in a dependency structure)
e.g. "Kot śpi.": śpi →subj kot
Syntactically motivated dependents
abbrev_punct
- abbreviation marker, i.e. a full stop
- depends on the preceding abbreviation
e.g. "30 tys.": tys →abbrev_punct .
adjunct
- a dependent modifying a noun or a numeral
- realised as an adjective, a noun, a prepositional phrase, a relative clause, etc.
e.g. "Kupiła czerwoną sukienkę.": sukienkę →adjunct czerwoną
adjunct_compar
- comparative
e.g. "Uczeń mądrzejszy od nauczyciela": mądrzejszy →adjunct_compar od →comp nauczyciela
e.g. "Wyciągnęli się, jak struny": Wyciągnęli →adjunct_compar jak →comp struny
e.g. "Mówi się coś innego niż chciało się powiedzieć": innego →adjunct_compar niż →comp_fin chciało
===adjunct_poss===
- possessives
- realised as a noun phrase, a pronoun
- depends on a noun
e.g. "zdaniem wielu specjalistów": zdaniem →adjunct_poss wielu →comp specjalistów
e.g. "postulaty protestujących": postulaty →adjunct_poss protestujących
adjunct_qt
- quotation adjunct
e.g. "- Nie siedź do późna - rzekł." rzekł →adjunct_qt siedź
adjunct_rc
- relative clause
e.g. "z wyjątkiem momentu, kiedy zostali zjedzeni przez ogry": momentu →adjunct_rc zjedzeni →adjunct_temp kiedy
app
- apposition
- realised as a noun phrase depending on an immediately preceding and morphologically agreeing noun with the same meaning
e.g. "Proszę o zabranie głosu posła Nowaka.": proszę →obj posła →app Nowaka
dep
item
- number of an item on a list
e.g. "- styczeń": styczeń →item -
orphan
poss
punct
- punctuation marker, e.g. .,:;?!()”-,
- depends on the element which it delimits
e.g. "Czytając książkę, płakał.": płakał →adjunct_cause Czytając →punct ,
refl
- reflexive marker, i.e. particles 'się', 'siebie'
- depends on a verb with reflexive meaning or another verb
e.g. "Ania i Tomek całują się.": całują →refl się
e.g. "Nie radził sobie w życiu.": radził →refl sobie
===vocative===
Morphologically motivated dependents
aux
- auxiliary verb, i.e. 'być' or 'zostać'
- depends on the main verb (participle, infinitive) in analytical future tense constructions, analytical past conditional constructions or passive constructions
e.g. "Będzie trzeba wzmocnić pozycję ekonomiczną.": trzeba →aux będzie
aglt
- mobile inflection, i.e. "mobile" affix (verbal enclitic) marked for number, person and gender
- depends on a verb or a conditional clitic by appended to a verb
e.g. "Wygraliśmy!": Wygrali →aglt śmy
cond
- conditional clitic, i.e. the clitic particle 'by', which is appended to the verb or appears anywhere in a sentence,
- depends on the verbal head regardless of its location
e.g. "Można by śpiewać.": Można →cond by
imp
- imperative marker, i.e. the particle 'niech'
- depends on the main verb in analytical imperative constructions.
e.g. "Niech moc będzie z Tobą!": będzie →imp Niech
neg
- negation marker, i.e. the negation particle 'nie'
- depends mostly on a verbal head immediately following it
e.g. "Nie wiem, ale to nie Ola wygrała.": wiem →neg Nie, Ola →neg nie
Lexically motivated dependents
mwe
- multiword expression
- Successive tokens of a multiword expression are annotated according to their linear order.
- Polish multiword expressions:
preposition-adjectival phrases, e.g. po prostuADJ (Eng. ‘simply’), co gorszaADJ (Eng. ‘what is worse’),
preposition-adverbial phrases, e.g. na pewnoADV (Eng. ‘for sure’), na zewnątrzADV (Eng. ‘outside’),
- adverb-prepositional phrases, e.g. wraz z (Eng. ‘along with’), zgodnie z (Eng. ‘in accordance with’),
- complex conjunctions, e.g. nie tylko (Eng. ‘not only’), ale także (Eng. ‘but also’), mimo że (Eng. ‘although’),
- adjective compounds, e.g. biało-czerwona (Eng. ‘white-red’).
ne
- named entity
e.g. "Chińska Republika Ludowa": Republika →ne Chińska, Republika →ne Ludowa
===ne_foreign===
Coordination
conjunct
- coordinated conjunct
- depends on a coordinating conjunction
pre_coord
- pre-conjunction
- the first part of a two-part correlative conjunction, e.g. albo...albo... (Eng. ‘either... or...’),
- depends on the second part of the conjunction.
e.g. "Koncerny liczą nie tyle na zysk, ile na prestiż.": liczą →comp ile →conjunct na →comp zysk, ile →conjunct na →comp prestiż; ile →pre_coord nie →mwe tyle
Any questions, comments? Please send them to <alina AT SPAMFREE ipipan DOT waw DOT pl>.