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Polish Dependency Relation Types

Arguments

comp (complement)

  • adjectival complements – governed by a verb form, e.g. uczynić kogoś silnymADJ (Eng. ‘to make so. strong’),

  • adverbial complements – governed by a verb form, e.g. zeskoczyć skądśADV (Eng. ‘to jump from somewhere’),

  • nominal complements – governed by:
    • an adjective, e.g. pełny mlekaGEN (Eng. ‘full of milk’),

    • a preposition, e.g. w domuLOC (Eng. ‘at home’),

    • a verb form, e.g. zakończyć się sukcesemINSTR (Eng. ‘to be successful’).

    • a numeral, e.g. kilkaNOM tygodniGEN (Eng. ‘a few weeks’).

  • prepositional complements – governed by:
    • a verb form, e.g. czekać na (Eng. ‘to wait for’),
    • an adjective, e.g. zdolny do (Eng. ‘able to, capable of’),
    • an adverb, e.g. właśnie przez (Eng. ‘just by’).

comp_fin (clausal complement)

  • fulfilled by a finite clause (declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory) with an internal subject,
  • governed by a verb form, a subordinating conjunction or a noun.

    ex1.png

comp_inf (infinitival complement)

  • realized as a non-finite clause,
  • governed by:
    • a noun phrase, e.g. (mieć) prawo coś zrobić (Eng. ‘(to have) the right to do sth’),
    • a verb form, e.g. chcieć coś zrobić (Eng. ‘to want to do sth’), trzeba coś zrobić (Eng. ‘it’s necessary to do sth’),
    • an adjective phrase.

obj (object)

  • realized as a noun phrase marked for the accusative, genitive, instrumental or even dative case,
  • governed by a verb form,
  • transformed into the subject in passive constructions.

obj_th (dative object)

  • fulfilled by a dative noun phrase,
  • governed by a verb form,
  • must fulfil the semantic role of Recipient, Experiencer, Beneficiary, etc.,
  • cannot be promoted to the subject during passivisation or change its status to the object.

pd (predicative complement)

  • fulfilled by any element in the predicative position in a sentence,
  • governed by copula or copula-like verb forms, e.g. być (Eng. ‘to be’), stać się (Eng. ‘to become’).

subj (subject)

  • subcategorised by the sentence predicate,
  • fulfilled by a noun phrase, a clause, an adjective phrase, a numeral phrase or a pro-drop pronoun,
  • pro is not encoded in a dependency structure.

Non-arguments

adjunct

  • okolicznik

aglt

  • mobilna końcówka fleksyjna (ang. mobile inflection)

app

  • apozycja

aux

  • czasownik posiłkowy

complm (complementizer)

  • fulfilled by a complementizer, e.g. że, iż (Eng. ‘that’), żeby, aby, by (Eng. ‘so as to’),
  • introduces a complement clause, the predicate of which is its governor,
  • may be realized optionally.

cond

  • klityka warunkowa 'by'

imp

  • partykuła 'niech' (tryb rozkazujący)

mwe

  • wyrażenie wielowyrazowe (ang. multiword expression)

neg

  • znacznik negacji 'nie'

pred

  • orzeczenie zdaniowe lub głowa frazy nominalnej

punct

  • znak interpunkcyjny

abbrev_punct

  • interpunkcyjny znacznik skrótu

refl

  • znacznik zwrotności 'się'

Koordynacja

conjunct

  • element koordynowany

coord

  • spójnik współrzędny

coord_punct

  • interpunkcyjny element koordynujący

pre_coord

  • pierwszy człon złożonego spójnika współrzędnego (ang. pre-conjunction)